industrial revolution research

Lewis Hackett

,1992, industrial revolution. [online] Available at: <http://history-world.org/Industrial%20Intro.htm> [Accessed 16/11/11].

• About the time of the American Revolution, the people of England began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines
•  locomotives
• By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world
• The most important of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system.
• Until John Kay invented the flying shuttle in 1733 and James Hargreaves the spinning jenny 31 years later, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years. By 1800 a host of new and faster processes were in use in both manufacture and transportation.
• The most important of the machines that ushered in the Industrial Revolution were invented in the last third of the 18th century. Earlier in the century, however, three inventions had been made which opened the way for the later machines. One was the crude, slow-moving steam engine built by Thomas Newcomen (1705), which was used to pump water out of mines. The second was John Kay's flying shuttle (1733). It enabled one person to handle a wide loom more rapidly than two persons could operate it before. The third was a frame for spinning cotton thread with rollers, first set up by Lewis Paul and John Wyatt (1741). Their invention was not commercially practical, but it was the first step toward solving the problem of machine spinning.
• Watt's Steam Engine
• While textile machinery was developing, progress was being made in other directions. In 1763 James Watt, a Scottish mechanic, was asked to repair a model of a Newcomen steam engine. He saw how crude and inefficient it was and by a series of improvements made it a practical device for running machinery.Wheels turned by running water had been the chief source of power for the early factories. These were necessarily situated on swift-running streams. When the steam engine became efficient, it was possible to locate factories in more convenient places.
• The first users of steam engines were the coal and iron industries
•  As early as 1720 many steam engines were in operation.
•  In coal mines they pumped out the water which usually flooded the deep shafts
• In the iron industry they pumped water to create the draft in blast furnaces.
• Many canals were dug. They connected the main rivers and so furnished a network of waterways for transporting coal and other heavy goods
• Early in the 19th century came George Stephenson's locomotive and Robert Fulton's steamboat, an American invention.
• spinning mills
• farms

Mary Bellis, unknown year, industrial revolution - pictures from industiral revolutioon. [online] , avialble at <

http://inventors.about.com/od/indrevolution/ss/Industrial_Revo.htm>  [Accessed 16/11/11].

• 1972
• first steam engine on top of water filled mine shaft
• pump water out of mine
• important to industrial revolution

• 1733
• flying shuttle
• automation of making textiles
• mark beginning of industrial rev

• 1764
• spinning jenny

• 1769
• steam engine improved
• Steam engines were now true reciprocating engine and not atmospheric engines. Watt added a crank and flywheel to his engine so that it could provide rotary motion. Watt's steam engine machine was four times more powerful than those engines based on Thomas Newcomen's steam engine design

• 1769
• spinning frame/water frame
• powered by water wheels
•  first powered, automatic, and continuous textile machinE

• 1779
• Spinning mule
• combined spinning jenny and water frame

• 1785
• power loom
• steam powered, mechanical operated loom